MAKNA HIDUP PERSPEKTIF VICTOR FRANKL: KAJIAN DIMENSI SPIRITUAL DALAM LOGOTERAPI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30631/tjd.v20i1.139Keywords:
logoterapi, spiritual, tasawuf, Victor FranklAbstract
This article aims to reveal the concept of logotherapy of Victor Frankl. This study uses descriptive analysis. First, the concept of logotherapy has three pillars in its philosophical foundation, the freedom of will, in this context every human being free to make choices to determine his own choice and destiny. The will to meaning, which every human being has the desire to have meaning in life. The meaning of life is an awareness of the possibility to realize what is being done at that time which then if successfully fulfilled will produce happiness. Second, in logotherapy, there is a noetic dimension which equivalent to the spiritual dimension, which tends toward the anthropological dimension rather than the theological dimension and does not contain religion. Third, the spiritual logotherapy dimension is different from Sufism. If Sufism spiritual affirms the sharia, then logotherapy departs from human existence. The implications of these differences give to a variety of happiness, both spiritual and physical.
Artikel ini bertujuan mengungkap konsep logoterapi yang diformulasikan oleh Victor Frankl. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis kajian ini menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan: pertama, konsep logoterapi memiliki tiga landasan filosofis yaitu, kebebasan berkeinginan (the freedom of will). Dalam konteks ini setiap manusia bebas menentukan pilihan dan nasibnya sendiri. Keinginan akan makna (the will to meaning), yaitu manusia memiliki hasrat untuk memiliki makna hidup. Makna hidup adalah sebuah kesadaran untuk mengetahui apa yang dilakukan saat itu hingga menghasilkan kebahagiaan. Kedua, di dalam logoterapi terdapat dimensi spiritual yang cenderung ke arah antropologis daripada kearah teologis serta tidak mengandung konotasi agama. Ketiga, dimensi spiritual logoterapi berbeda dengan dimenssi dalam tasawuf. Jika para sufi mengafirmasi spiritual pada syariat maka logoterapi berangkat dari human exsistence. Implikasi dari kedua perbedaan tersebut melahirkan ragam kebahagiaan baik kebahagiaan ruhani dan ragawi.
References
Achmad, Ubaidillah. “KRITIK PSIKOLOGI SUFISTIK TERHADAP PSIKOLOGI MODERN: STUDI KOMPARATIF PEMIKIRAN AL-GHAZALI DAN DESCARTES (UPAYA MEMPERKUAT BANGUNAN KONSELING ISLAM).” Konseling Religi: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam 4, no. 1 (2013). https://doi.org/10.21043/kr.v4i1.1071.
Acikgenc, Alparslan. Islamic Science: Toward Definition. Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 1996.
Al-Ghazali. Ihya’ Ulum Al-Din. Vol. 3. Semarang: Karya Putra, n.d.
———. Kimiya’ Al-Sa’adah. Kairo: Maktabah Al-Qur’an, 1987.
Al-Ghazali, Imam. Ihya’ ’Ulum Al-Din. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, n.d.
Al-Sayih, Abdurrahim. Al-Suluk Inda Al-Hakim Al-Tirmidzi Wa Masadiruhu Min Al-Sunnah. Kairo: Dar al-Salam, 1988.
Arroisi, Jarman. “Spiritual Healing Dalam Tradisi Sufi.” Tsaqafah 14, no. 2 (2018): 323–48. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v14i2.2459.
Badri, Malik. Al-Tafakkur Min Al-Musyahadah Ila Al-Syuhud: Dirasah Nafsiyyah Islamiyyah. 1st ed. Kairo: Dar al-Wafa’, 1991.
Bakar, Usman Abu. “Analisis Hubungan Sufisme, Psikoterapi Dan Kesehatan Spiritual.” Madania 20, no. 2 (2016): 161–68. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/madania.v20i2.165.
Bastaman. Psikologi Untuk Menemukan Makna Hidup Dan Meraih Hidup Bermakna. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007.
Corbin, Henry. Imajinasi Kreatif: Sufisme Ibn ’Arabi. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2002.
Dwinanda, Reiny. “WHO: Pandemi Covid-19 Sebabkan Krisis Kesehatan Mental.” Republika.co.id, 2020. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qab5a0414/who-pandemi-covid19-sebabkan-krisis-kesehatan-mental.
Frankl, Viktor E. Man’s Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984.
———. Man’s Search for Ultimate Meaning. New York: Perseus, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845289892-15.
———. The Doctor and the Soul: From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy. Paperback. New York: Bantam Books, 1971.
———. The Will to Meaning: Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy. New York: World Publishing Company, 1969.
Gumiandari, Septi. “DIMENSI SPIRITUAL DALAM PSIKOLOGI MODERN (Psikologi Transpersonal Sebagai Pola Baru Psikologi Spiritual).” In Annual International Conference on Islamic Studies (AICIS XII), 1033–52, 2012.
Haryanto, Rudy. “DZIKIR: PSIKOTERAPI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM.” Al-Ihkam 9, no. 2 (2014). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v9i2.475.
Istikhari, Naufil. “Dilema Integrasi Tasawuf Dan Psikoterapi Dalam Kelanjutan Islamisasi Psikologi.” ’Anil Islam: Jurnal Kebudayaan Dan Ilmu Keislaman 9, no. 2 (2016): 300–327.
Mujib, Abdul. Teori Kepribadian Perspektif Psikologi Islam. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Grafindo Persada, 2017.
Pattakos, Alex, and Stephen R. Covey. Prisoners of Our Thoughts: Viktor Frankl’s Principles for Discovering Meaning in Life and Work. Oakland: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
Raji Al-Faruqi, Ismail. Islamisasi Pengetahuan. Translated by Mahyuddin. Bandung: Bandung Pustaka, 1984.
Riyadi, Albdul Kadir. Arkeologi Tasawuf. I. Bandung: Mizan, 2016.
Ryandi. “Pengalaman Spiritual Menurut Psikologi Transpersonal (Kajian Kritis Ilmu Tasawuf).” Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam 14, no. 2 (2016). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/klm.v14i2.609.
Schultz, Duane P., and Sydney Ellen Schultz. A History of Modern Psychology. 11th ed. USA: Cengage Learning, 2015.
Tirmidzi, Hakim. Bayan Al-Farq Baina Al-Shadr Wa Al-Qalb Wa Al-Fuad Wa Al-Lubb. Kairo: Markaz al-Kitab, n.d.
———. Khatm Al-Auliya’. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1999.
Titus Burckhardt. Introduction to Sufi Doctrine. Indiana: World Wisdom, 2008.
Tomy, Anumol. “Logotherapy: A Means of Finding Meaning to Life.” Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 3, no. 1 (2014).
Weisskopf-Joelson, Edith. “Logotherapy and Existential Analysis.” Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 6, no. 3 (1958): 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285343.
